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	<title>William Maxwell - Cronologia</title>
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Versione meno recente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Versione delle 16:12, 4 lug 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Riga 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Riga 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;William Maxwell&#039;&#039;&#039; (Scozia, 1581&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/1619 &lt;/del&gt;– 1641&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/1669 ca.&lt;/del&gt;) è stato un medico e scrittore scozzese, medico &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;di corte di &lt;/del&gt;Carlo I d&#039;Inghilterra, noto soprattutto per il trattato &#039;&#039;De medicina magnetica&#039;&#039; (1679), considerato &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;una delle opere &lt;/del&gt;più &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;importanti della &lt;/del&gt;tradizione &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;del magnetismo &lt;/del&gt;pre-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mesmerico &lt;/del&gt;e &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;uno degli autori da cui &lt;/del&gt;[[Franz Anton Mesmer|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Mesmer&lt;/del&gt;]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;trasse direttamente &lt;/del&gt;i principi della propria dottrina.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Wikipedia, &#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;William Maxwell (physician)&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Maxwell_(physician) ; N. Goodrick-Clarke, &#039;&#039;The Western Esoteric Traditions&#039;&#039;, Oxford University Press, 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;William Maxwell&#039;&#039;&#039; (Scozia, 1581 – 1641 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;circa&lt;/ins&gt;) è stato un medico e scrittore scozzese, medico &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ordinario del re &lt;/ins&gt;Carlo I d&#039;Inghilterra, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;seguace e collaboratore di [[Robert Fludd]]. È &lt;/ins&gt;noto soprattutto per il trattato &#039;&#039;De medicina magnetica &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;libri III&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&#039; (1679), considerato &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;uno degli anelli &lt;/ins&gt;più &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;diretti fra la &lt;/ins&gt;tradizione &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;magnetica &lt;/ins&gt;pre-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mesmerica &lt;/ins&gt;e &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;la dottrina del &lt;/ins&gt;[[Franz Anton Mesmer|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;magnetismo animale&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;: Mesmer è annoverato fra gli autori che trassero da Maxwell &lt;/ins&gt;i principi della propria dottrina.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;William Maxwell (physician)&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, Wikipedia&lt;/ins&gt;: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Maxwell_(physician) ; N. Goodrick-Clarke, &#039;&#039;The Western Esoteric Traditions&#039;&#039;, Oxford University Press, 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Vita e &lt;/del&gt;opera ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;opera ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Seguace di [[Robert Fludd]] e della tradizione paracelsiana, Maxwell acquisì grande reputazione per le cure ottenute con mezzi che i contemporanei definirono «cabalistici».&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Catalogo de Baecque (magnétisme animal): «William Maxwell [...] è uno degli autori da cui Mesmer trasse i principi della sua dottrina».&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/del&gt;Il &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;suo &lt;/del&gt;&#039;&#039;De medicina magnetica libri III&#039;&#039; fu pubblicato in latino a Francoforte &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nel 1679 dall&#039;editore &lt;/del&gt;Johann Peter Zubrodt&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, a cura di Georg Franck&lt;/del&gt;; l&#039;originale inglese era apparso a Edimburgo nel 1656.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Swann Galleries / &lt;/del&gt;Krivatsy 7607&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;: «first edition in latin &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a treatise on magnetic healing&lt;/del&gt;; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the English original was published &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1656 in Edinburgh»&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Il &#039;&#039;De medicina magnetica libri III&#039;&#039; fu pubblicato in latino a Francoforte &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;da &lt;/ins&gt;Johann Peter Zubrodt &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nel 1679&lt;/ins&gt;; l&#039;originale inglese era apparso a Edimburgo nel 1656.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;MAXWELL, &#039;&#039;De medicina magnetica libri III&#039;&#039;, Frankfurt, Zubrodt, 1679; prima edizione latina, originale inglese Edimburgo 1656. Cfr. &lt;/ins&gt;Krivatsy 7607&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;; Thorndike, &#039;&#039;History &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Magic and Experimental Science&#039;&#039;, VIII, 419-21.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; L&#039;opera descrive un sistema di «medicina magnetica» secondo cui la malattia umana può essere curata trasferendola magneticamente ad animali o piante, nella convinzione che una forza vitale colleghi fra loro tutti gli esseri viventi.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;W. Maxwell, &#039;&#039;De medicina magnetica&#039;&#039; (1679)&lt;/ins&gt;; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sintesi &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Open Library: https://openlibrary&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;org/books/OL20127612M/De_medicina_magnetica&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== La dottrina dello spirito vitale universale ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== La dottrina dello spirito vitale universale ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Maxwell &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;formula in modo sistematico la dottrina di &lt;/del&gt;uno spirito vitale universale (&#039;&#039;spiritus vitalis&#039;&#039;) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;diffuso &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tutte le cose&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;di cui l&lt;/del&gt;&#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;operatore può servirsi per guarire a distanza&lt;/del&gt;. Questa concezione &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;— un fluido vitale che pervade la natura e collega i corpi — &lt;/del&gt;anticipa &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;quasi letteralmente &lt;/del&gt;il &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;«magnetismo animale» &lt;/del&gt;che Mesmer &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;avrebbe presentato più di &lt;/del&gt;un secolo dopo, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ed è la ragione per &lt;/del&gt;cui &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Maxwell è annoverato tra &lt;/del&gt;i &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;suoi principali predecessori. La sua opera si colloca nel solco di [[Robert Fludd|Fludd]] e della cura simpatica di [[Paracelso]] e [[Van Helmont]]&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il nucleo del pensiero di &lt;/ins&gt;Maxwell &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;è l&#039;identificazione del magnetismo con &lt;/ins&gt;uno &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;spirito vitale universale&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;(&#039;&#039;spiritus vitalis&#039;&#039;) &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dotato di applicazione terapeutica: un principio di vita che avvolge e pervade ogni cosa, e attraverso il quale tutti gli esseri viventi si trovano connessi.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sulla dottrina dello spirito vitale universale &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Maxwell e i suoi legami con Fludd: N. Goodrick-Clarke, &#039;&#039;The Western Esoteric Traditions&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Oxford University Press, 2008; C. Kiesewetter, &#039;&#039;Geschichte des neueren Occultismus&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;&#039; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(1891), pp. 253-261&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;Questa concezione anticipa &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;con notevole precisione &lt;/ins&gt;il &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;«fluido universale» &lt;/ins&gt;che Mesmer &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;porrà, &lt;/ins&gt;un secolo &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;e mezzo &lt;/ins&gt;dopo, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;al centro del magnetismo animale: un mezzo più sottile dell&#039;aria, che penetra tutti i corpi e a &lt;/ins&gt;cui i &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sistemi nervosi degli esseri viventi rispondono naturalmente&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Collocazione nella catena ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Maxwell fu amico e continuatore di [[Robert Fludd]], del quale sviluppò le idee sulla simpatia universale, e la sua opera si colloca nella corrente che, attraverso [[Paracelso]], [[Van Helmont]] e [[Athanasius Kircher|Kircher]], portò alla teorizzazione settecentesca del magnetismo.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nella tradizione &lt;/del&gt;[[Le radici pre-mesmeriche del magnetismo|pre-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mesmerica&lt;/del&gt;]], &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Maxwell rappresenta il punto in cui la dottrina del fluido vitale raggiunge la sua formulazione più sistematica &lt;/del&gt;e &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;più vicina a quella mesmerica. Michel-Augustin Thouret, nel &#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;[[Recherches et doutes sur le magnétisme animal]]&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039; (1784), lo cita &lt;/del&gt;fra &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;gli autori la cui opera dimostra che &lt;/del&gt;Mesmer &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;non aveva inventato nulla di nuovo&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Collocazione nella catena &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pre-mesmerica &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Per la chiarezza sistematica con cui formula la dottrina dello spirito vitale universale, Maxwell è talvolta indicato come uno dei «padri» del magnetismo animale. La sua opera è un anello essenziale delle &lt;/ins&gt;[[Le radici pre-mesmeriche del magnetismo|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;radici &lt;/ins&gt;pre-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mesmeriche del magnetismo&lt;/ins&gt;]], e &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fu esplicitamente indicata da &lt;/ins&gt;[[Recherches et doutes sur le magnétisme animal&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|Thouret&lt;/ins&gt;]] fra &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;le fonti antiche del sistema di &lt;/ins&gt;Mesmer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Voci correlate ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Voci correlate ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l15&quot;&gt;Riga 15:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Riga 17:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Franz Anton Mesmer]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Franz Anton Mesmer]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Van Helmont]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Van Helmont]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [[Athanasius Kircher]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Fonti &lt;/del&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Note &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* William Maxwell, &#039;&#039;De medicina magnetica libri III&#039;&#039;, Francoforte, J. P. Zubrodt, 1679 (originale inglese: Edimburgo, 1656).&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, &#039;&#039;The Western Esoteric Traditions&#039;&#039;, Oxford University Press, 2008.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Magnetismo pre-mesmerico]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Magnetismo pre-mesmerico]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Autori]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Autori]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Storia del magnetismo]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Fonti primarie]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Fonti primarie]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Storia del magnetismo]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>WikiBot</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.marcoparet.com/index.php?title=William_Maxwell&amp;diff=4068&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>WikiBot: voce_premesmerica</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.marcoparet.com/index.php?title=William_Maxwell&amp;diff=4068&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-07-04T16:08:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;voce_premesmerica&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nuova pagina&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;William Maxwell&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Scozia, 1581/1619 – 1641/1669 ca.) è stato un medico e scrittore scozzese, medico di corte di Carlo I d&amp;#039;Inghilterra, noto soprattutto per il trattato &amp;#039;&amp;#039;De medicina magnetica&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1679), considerato una delle opere più importanti della tradizione del magnetismo pre-mesmerico e uno degli autori da cui [[Franz Anton Mesmer|Mesmer]] trasse direttamente i principi della propria dottrina.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Wikipedia, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;William Maxwell (physician)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Maxwell_(physician) ; N. Goodrick-Clarke, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Western Esoteric Traditions&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Oxford University Press, 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Vita e opera ==&lt;br /&gt;
Seguace di [[Robert Fludd]] e della tradizione paracelsiana, Maxwell acquisì grande reputazione per le cure ottenute con mezzi che i contemporanei definirono «cabalistici».&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Catalogo de Baecque (magnétisme animal): «William Maxwell [...] è uno degli autori da cui Mesmer trasse i principi della sua dottrina».&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Il suo &amp;#039;&amp;#039;De medicina magnetica libri III&amp;#039;&amp;#039; fu pubblicato in latino a Francoforte nel 1679 dall&amp;#039;editore Johann Peter Zubrodt, a cura di Georg Franck; l&amp;#039;originale inglese era apparso a Edimburgo nel 1656.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Swann Galleries / Krivatsy 7607: «first edition in latin of a treatise on magnetic healing; the English original was published in 1656 in Edinburgh».&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== La dottrina dello spirito vitale universale ==&lt;br /&gt;
Maxwell formula in modo sistematico la dottrina di uno spirito vitale universale (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;spiritus vitalis&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) diffuso in tutte le cose, di cui l&amp;#039;operatore può servirsi per guarire a distanza. Questa concezione — un fluido vitale che pervade la natura e collega i corpi — anticipa quasi letteralmente il «magnetismo animale» che Mesmer avrebbe presentato più di un secolo dopo, ed è la ragione per cui Maxwell è annoverato tra i suoi principali predecessori. La sua opera si colloca nel solco di [[Robert Fludd|Fludd]] e della cura simpatica di [[Paracelso]] e [[Van Helmont]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Collocazione nella catena ==&lt;br /&gt;
Nella tradizione [[Le radici pre-mesmeriche del magnetismo|pre-mesmerica]], Maxwell rappresenta il punto in cui la dottrina del fluido vitale raggiunge la sua formulazione più sistematica e più vicina a quella mesmerica. Michel-Augustin Thouret, nel &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Recherches et doutes sur le magnétisme animal]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1784), lo cita fra gli autori la cui opera dimostra che Mesmer non aveva inventato nulla di nuovo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Voci correlate ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Le radici pre-mesmeriche del magnetismo]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Robert Fludd]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Franz Anton Mesmer]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Van Helmont]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Fonti ==&lt;br /&gt;
* William Maxwell, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;De medicina magnetica libri III&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Francoforte, J. P. Zubrodt, 1679 (originale inglese: Edimburgo, 1656).&lt;br /&gt;
* Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Western Esoteric Traditions&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Oxford University Press, 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Magnetismo pre-mesmerico]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Autori]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Fonti primarie]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Storia del magnetismo]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>WikiBot</name></author>
	</entry>
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