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{{Portal|Hermetic Tradition}}

The '''Illuminati of Avignon''' were a Masonic system of an hermetic-alchemical character founded by '''Antoine-Joseph Pernety''' (1716–1796), a former Benedictine monk, scholar of exact and hermetic sciences, and particularly of alchemy. Their story is documented in Boella's work ''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jmjQr0-aqbtxw0TJNuvmqB_iDISNyKXU/view The Ascent to Olympus]'' and constitutes one of the best-documented bridges between the [[Portale della Tradizione Ermetica|hermetic tradition]] and the [[Portale della Tradizione Magnetica|magnetic tradition]].

== Antoine-Joseph Pernety ==

Pernety (1716–1796), a former Benedictine monk, was a scholar of exact and hermetic sciences, particularly alchemy. Boella documents:

* In '''1765''' he founded in Avignon a Masonic system of an hermetic character, with the directing center being the ''Loge des Sectateurs de la Vertu''.
* Avignon was located in papal territory — and therefore "unsafe" for an esoteric system: in '''1767''' Pernety took refuge in '''Berlin''', where he became librarian to Frederick II, who benevolently welcomed French emigrants "endowed with boldness of opinion."
* Pernety left disciples in his homeland (such as the Parisian doctor Boileau); his hermetic rite later gave rise to the ''Grande Mère Loge Écossaise de France'', which continued to make proselytes in various parts of Europe and Italy even after his departure.

In Berlin, Pernety came into contact with circles dedicated to occult sciences and alchemy, and received philosophical material for laboratory work through figures linked to the circle of '''Elias Artista Hermetica''' and the abbot Guyton de Morveau called Brumore, who shared with him a love for Swedenborg.

== Diffusion in Italy ==

The system had a certain diffusion in Italy: Boella documents that in '''1777''' the mystic Masons of Avignon founded a branch in Naples, and that various Italian cities performed the rite. Cagliostro himself, according to the sources cited by Boella, used addresses and materials partly coinciding with those of the Illuminati of Avignon (see [[Cagliostro e il Rito Egizio|Cagliostro and the Egyptian Rite]]).

== The bridge with magnetism: the magnetic society of Avignon ==

The most relevant connection for the magnetic tradition is documented by Boella through the Marquis de Mirville and Doctor Billot. From a letter from the head of a "society of theosophists of Avignon," Mirville extracts the description of a meeting:

<blockquote>
"When the members are gathered and all on their knees, the director recites a general prayer [...]. Then the ''Veni Creator'' and Psalm LXVII are recited: ''Exsurgat Deus et dissipentur inimici eius...'' to drive away the adversary. Then the magnetizer, provided with a glass tube with which he must channel the magnetic fluid onto the person he wishes to put to sleep, recites another prayer..."
</blockquote>

The sessions, set in Cucuron in Vaucluse, "began with a mystical part, that is, the athanatophania or apparitions of spirits." Boella documents that Doctor Billot "was part of a magnetic society of Avignon," in psychic relation with Neapolitan Marinists, and — the decisive point — notes: "It is possible that this magnetic society gathered the surviving Illuminati of Avignon."

This is a documented continuity between initiatory hermeticism and magnetic practice: the use of the '''glass tube to channel the fluid''' anticipates, in a ritual key, the same instrumental principle that we find in the "tubes" of [[Taddeo de Consonni — Testimone Italiano del Metodo Lafontaine (Firenze, 1850)|Consonni]] and in the technical codification of [[Conte Franz von Szápáry|Count Szápáry]].

== The connection with Mesmer ==

{{Notice|'''Documentary note.''' Boella documents that the magnetic tradition of Avignon developed in the same period and milieu in which mesmerism operated (Mesmer left France in 1785; the magnetic societies of Paris, Lyon, and Avignon multiplied in those years). A direct personal contact between Pernety and Mesmer after the latter's departure from Paris is a suggestive historical hypothesis but '''not explicitly documented in Boella's text''': what the sources attest with certainty is the continuity ''of tradition'' between the Illuminati of Avignon and the magnetic society of Avignon, not a personal meeting between the two. The page notes this point as requiring further investigation from additional sources.}}

== Primary sources ==

'''OCR text for instant verification of citations:''' [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZDB4hqA1pvv1olbw5sAZalPhFrtDdoGR/view Boella — native OCR text] (archive [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ckIQOeEsnFXkxv8hhd4eetDPpHU5My6A OCR_FONTI_WIKI]).

* '''Alessandro Boella, Antonella Galli, ''The Ascent to Olympus — Cagliostro and the Hermetic Tradition in Freemasonry''''' (ISBN 978-88-96052-97-6) — [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jmjQr0-aqbtxw0TJNuvmqB_iDISNyKXU/view PDF Drive] (chapter ''III. Elias Artist and the Illuminati of Avignon'')

The citations derive from the native text of the volume (direct extraction, without OCR).

== See also ==

* [[I Rosacroce d'Oro|The Golden Rosicrucians]]
* [[Cagliostro e il Rito Egizio|Cagliostro and the Egyptian Rite]]
* [[Stretta Osservanza Templare|Strict Templar Observance]]
* [[Brice de Beauregard — Il Magnetismo Angelico|Brice de Beauregard — Angelic Magnetism]]
* [[Conte Franz von Szápáry|Count Franz von Szápáry]]
* [[Portale della Tradizione Ermetica|Portal of the Hermetic Tradition]]
* [[Portale della Tradizione Magnetica|Portal of the Magnetic Tradition]]

[[Categoria:Tradizione Ermetica]]
[[Categoria:Società iniziatiche]]
[[Categoria:Fonti primarie]]

Illuminati di Avignone/en - Cronologia

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