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The '''enneagram''' is a typological system of '''nine character types''', which spread in the West in the second half of the twentieth century through the work of Óscar Ichazo, '''[[Claudio Naranjo]]''', '''Helen Palmer''', Don Richard Riso, and others. The '''[[Paret Method]]''' School has used it since the 2000s as an '''operational grid for non-verbal reading''' of the client's habitual trance, integrating it with three complementary frameworks: '''NLP''' (V/A/K representational channels), '''[[Polyvagal theory|Stephen Porges's Polyvagal Theory]]''', and '''[[Stephen Wolinsky]]'s "imperatives"''' drawn from the ''Quantum Psychology'' of the 1990s.

In the School's reading, the enneagram is '''a map of nine stabilized [[ordinary trances]]''' — not a system of identity classification. Each type corresponds to a typical configuration of '''autonomic activation''' (sympathetic, ventral vagal, dorsal vagal, or their combinations), a '''prevalent representational channel''' (V/A/K according to NLP nomenclature), a traditional '''"sin" or passion''' of the classical enneagram, and an '''internal imperative''' that guides all of the type's behavior in an attempt to avoid its core wound. The School's practice of '''[[Integral Presence]]''' is the operational path for moving through one's enneagrammatic trance towards the '''[[integrated state]]'''.

In the School, the enneagram covers the same ground that '''[[Jungian typology]]''' and the '''[[MBTI]]''' describe with different vocabulary and different granularity; the enneagram-MBTI correspondences are treated in section VIII of this page. The phenomenological convergence between the enneagram, Evagrius Ponticus's '''[[Logismoi|eight logismoi]]''', and the School's map of the '''[[The six character types in the polyvagal map|six alchemical-polyvagal character types]]''' is documented on the page '''[[Convergence of typological systems]]'''.

== I. The nine types in the School's version ==

The Paret Method School uses the classical enneagram nomenclature (Naranjo, Palmer), but with specific operational observations drawn from '''Marco Paret'''’s work in NLP and non-verbal hypnosis seminars starting in the 2000s, collected in the book ''Enneagram of Non-Verbal Communication''.

=== Type 1 — Perfectionist (Anger) ===

Feels '''imperfect''' and fears making mistakes. '''Imperative''': "be perfect," "don't make mistakes." '''Sin''': restrained '''anger''' — the internal tension towards one's own and others' errors that rarely explodes into open attack. '''Representational channel''': '''VA''' (visual-auditory). '''Typical language''': "one must," "one should," "it's right," "it's wrong."

'''Prevalent polyvagal activation''': '''contained sympathetic''' (constant tension for order and morality) beneath an apparent ventral vagal composure. Sympathetic release rarely manifests as direct attack: more often it slips into an '''analytical-critical withdrawal''' (partial dorsal vagal with internal judgmental commentary). Triad: '''analysis'''.

=== Type 2 — Altruist (Pride) ===

Feels '''dependent''' and flees from it by offering help. '''Imperative''': "help." '''Sin''': '''pride''' (the conviction of knowing what the other needs). '''Representational channel''': '''KV''' (kinesthetic-visual). '''Typical language''': "I'll help you," "do you need me?," "let me do it for you."

'''Prevalent polyvagal activation''': '''apparent ventral vagal''' sustained by an '''anxious sympathetic''' base. The surface is connection, but underneath operates the fear of rejection ("and if they don't reciprocate?," "and if they don't notice me?"). If rejection materializes, it can briefly fall into '''dorsal vagal''' ("no one loves me, I withdraw"), then quickly recover the care strategy. Triad: '''connection'''.

=== Type 3 — Manager (Vanity) ===

Feels '''not enough''' and reacts by doing. '''Imperative''': "do," "prove." '''Sin''': '''vanity''' (identification with the image of success). '''Representational channel''': '''VK''' (visual-kinesthetic). '''Typical language''': "I achieve goals," "I must prove," "think positive."

'''Prevalent polyvagal activation''': '''performative sympathetic''' with forays into '''instrumental ventral vagal''' functional to making a good impression. The smile, prosody, and social engagement are used to build a winning image rather than for genuine connection. In case of outright failure, it can collapse into '''dorsal vagal''' of deep shame. Triad: '''action'''.

=== Type 4 — Tragic Romantic (Envy) ===

Feels '''inadequate''' and turns it into emotional depth. '''Imperative''': "go deep," "be unique." '''Sin''': '''envy''' (feeling of lacking what others have). '''Representational channel''': '''KA''' (kinesthetic-auditory). '''Typical language''': "no one understands me," "I feel different," "it's too banal."

'''Prevalent polyvagal activation''': '''alternation between melancholic dorsal vagal''' (contemplative withdrawal, internal rumination) and '''dramatic sympathetic''' (intense, sometimes theatrical, expression of one's suffering). Authentic ventral vagal emerges when the four feels truly understood by another person. Triad: '''connection'''.

=== Type 5 — Hermit Observer (Avarice) ===

Thinks they '''do not exist''' and protects themselves by accumulating knowledge. '''Imperative''': "be perfect in details," "don't let yourself be invaded." '''Sin''': '''avarice''' (of energy, time, involvement). '''Representational channel''': '''AK''' (auditory-kinesthetic). '''Typical language''': "I analyze," "I study," "I need time to think."

'''Prevalent polyvagal activation''': '''partial dorsal vagal of analysis''' — not a collapse but a strategic defensive detachment ("I stay in my world, so I don't get invaded"). Shifts to '''sympathetic''' only when defending ideas they care about or when their boundaries are violated beyond the tolerance limit. Ventral vagal is rare and selective, granted only to very few people in very specific contexts. Triad: '''analysis'''.

=== Type 6 — Loyal Skeptic (Fear) ===

Thinks they are '''of little worth''' and seeks security in authority or the group. '''Imperative''': "be cautious," "verify." '''Sin''': '''fear'''. '''Representational channel''': '''AV''' (auditory-visual). '''Typical language''': "I'm afraid that…," "I don't trust," "let's verify."

'''Prevalent polyvagal activation''': '''alerted sympathetic''' (hypervigilance, constant scanning of the environment). Seeks '''delegated ventral vagal''' through a trustworthy authority or a group of belonging: when trust is found, they can relax. In situations with no escape and no protection, collapses into '''dorsal vagal''' paralysis.

The '''phobic six''' remains on the anxious-sympathetic side; the '''counterphobic six''' converts fear into preventive attack (a configuration reminiscent of type 1 but with different foundations). Triad: '''analysis'''.

=== Type 7 — Traveling Artist (Gluttony) ===

Feels '''incomplete''' and flees into pleasure and new experiences. '''Imperative''': "do," "live," "don't miss anything." '''Sin''': '''gluttony''' (in the broad sense: of experiences, stimuli, possibilities). '''Representational channel''': '''VK''' (visual-kinesthetic). '''Typical language''': "let's go, let's try, let's have fun," "carpe diem," "there's more."

'''Prevalent polyvagal activation''': '''constant enthusiastic sympathetic''', with brief '''islands of apparent ventral vagal''' when a desire has just been satisfied. The expansive cheerfulness of the seven '''appears''' ventral vagal but is often a '''false ventral vagal''': sympathetic hyperactivation disguised as joy, functional to avoiding emptiness and boredom. Triad: '''action'''.

=== Type 8 — Boss (Lust) ===

Thinks that '''either you dominate or you are dominated''' and reacts by commanding. '''Imperative''': "dominate" (or "rebel"). '''Sin''': '''lust''' (in the classical sense of "excess of intensity," not only sexual). '''Representational channel''': '''AK''' (auditory-kinesthetic). '''Typical language''': "I decide," "don't you dare," "justice."

'''Prevalent polyvagal activation''': '''rapid context analysis''' (not a dorsal vagal but a careful monitoring of threats) followed by '''protective-dominant ventral vagal''' if everything is under control, or '''combative sympathetic''' (fight) if injustice or threat is perceived. The eight's ventral vagal is a "strong" ventral vagal, inviting trust within a framework of protection ("come here, I'll protect you"). Triad: '''action'''.

=== Type 9 — Diplomat (Sloth) ===

Thinks that '''love does not exist, only harmony''' and flattens into their own. '''Imperative''': "endure," "seek harmony," "don't make waves." '''Sin''': '''sloth''' (Evagrius's spiritual indolence, avoidance of conflict). '''Representational channel''': '''KA''' (kinesthetic-auditory). '''Typical language''': "everything is fine," "as long as we don't argue," "it doesn't matter."

'''Prevalent polyvagal activation''': '''mild ventral vagal''' or '''soft dorsal vagal''' — a protective immobilization with vagal access that avoids conflict. Sympathetic energy is the last resort, often held back to the limit and then converted into passive aggression or, rarely, a delayed explosion. Triad: '''connection'''.

== II. The three triads and the types that lack an activation ==

The most useful operational observation in the School's non-verbal diagnosis is that '''each type lacks one of the three main activations''', and this lack is '''diagnostic''':

{| class="wikitable"
! Triad !! Types !! Activation that is '''missing'''
|-
| '''Analysis''' (head) || 1, 5, 6 || Authentic connection — the six can "fake" connection but does not feel it as true internally
|-
| '''Connection''' (heart) || 2, 4, 9 || Decisive action — sympathetic energy is held back or converted
|-
| '''Action''' (gut) || 3, 7, 8 || True analysis — "doing" replaces understanding
|}

This reading by '''lacks''' is one of the fastest tools in non-verbal diagnosis: by observing '''what a person does not do''' (does not connect, does not act, does not analyze), the operator identifies the triad of belonging more quickly than by observing only what they do.

Within the same framework, '''pairs of similar activation''' are observed that require fine distinctions:

* '''4 and 9''' — both with a dorsal vagal base and variable ventral access;
* '''5 and phobic 6''' — both with a withdrawn base and cognitive defenses;
* '''1 and counterphobic 6''' — both convert anxiety into control, with different motivations (perfection vs. security).

== III. The polyvagal reading of the nine types ==

The page '''[[Hypnosis, Polyvagal Theory and Somatic Liberation]]''' describes in detail the three main autonomic circuits (ventral vagal, sympathetic, dorsal vagal) and their combinations. The School's reading of the enneagram applies them nine times and systematically includes the notion of '''"false positives"''' — appearances of ventral vagal that mask hyperactivated sympathetic (type 2, type 7) or appearances of dorsal vagal that are intellectualizing defenses (type 5).

{| class="wikitable"
! Type !! Base activation !! False positive to recognize
|-
| 1 || Contained sympathetic ↔ critical dorsal vagal || Ventral vagal of moral composure
|-
| 2 || Apparent ventral vagal + anxious sympathetic || False ventral vagal of caregiving
|-
| 3 || Performative sympathetic || Instrumental ventral vagal for image
|-
| 4 || Melancholic dorsal vagal ↔ dramatic sympathetic || ''rare''
|-
| 5 || Dorsal vagal of analysis || ''rare''
|-
| 6 || Alerted sympathetic → delegated ventral vagal || "Authentic" ventral vagal that depends on authority
|-
| 7 || Enthusiastic sympathetic || False ventral vagal of cheerfulness
|-
| 8 || Analysis + dominant ventral vagal → sympathetic || "Strong" ventral vagal that is actually control
|-
| 9 || Mild ventral vagal ↔ soft dorsal vagal || ''rare''
|}

Recognizing false positives is '''the clinical key''' that distinguishes an experienced operator from a novice: the person '''is not''' their sin, but '''is in a trance within a sin that presents itself as a virtue'''. The help consists in accompanying them to see their own mechanism, not in demolishing their self-image.

== IV. The physical enneagram — non-verbal diagnosis ==

Marco Paret has developed an original empirical observation called the '''"physical enneagram"''' or, in the more recent systematic formulation, '''[[The Moving Enneagram of Paret]]''', which shows a correlation between the enneagram type and some repeated body lateralization patterns. The observation has been collected on many subjects and rarely contested by the individuals themselves, suggesting it is a '''pre-verbal level''' of typology, a somatic reflection of the same autonomic configurations.

The three observation points are:

# '''Arm crossing''' (manipura level, power);
# '''Hand clasping / thumb on top''' (anahata level, heart);
# '''Ear used for the phone''' (head level).

{| class="wikitable"
! Type !! Arms !! Thumb !! Ear
|-
| 1 || right on top || right on top || left
|-
| 2 || left on top || left on top || right
|-
| 3 || variable || variable || variable
|-
| 4 || left || left || left (''all left'')
|-
| 5 || left on top || right on top || left
|-
| 7 (relational) || left || right || right
|-
| 8 || right || left || right
|-
| 9 || like 4 (all left) || left || left
|}

The pattern that emerged from observation is that the '''left thumb on top''' correlates with greater relational availability (ventral vagal component of the heart axis), while the '''right arm on top''' correlates with defense of one's space and disposition to action (sympathetic component of the gut axis). The '''"all left"''' configuration (type 4, type 9) corresponds to low general sympathetic activation; the '''"all right"''' configuration (type 3 challenger, some 8s) corresponds to sympathetic and control mobilization.

The theoretical justification advanced by the School is that '''arm crossing involves a twist at the manipura level''' (power, third chakra) and '''hand clasping involves a twist at the anahata level''' (heart, fourth chakra) — two energetic levels that the enneatypes traverse differently. The physical enneagram is, in this reading, '''another face''' of the classical enneagram and — precisely because it is pre-verbal — '''more primitive''' and less mediated by self-representations. For the reading of more general movement, reference is made to analysis systems such as '''Laban Movement Analysis''' (Body, Effort, Shape, Space) which the School integrates as a descriptive tool for gesture.

The complete systematization of the physical enneagram — with the octuple diagnostic grid '''Arm folding × Hand clasping × Ear preference''' (eight combinations SSS-DDD), the correspondences with MBTI and Hippocratic-Galenic temperaments, and the integration with the '''[[Paret Movement Analysis|Paret Movement Analysis (PMA)]]''' of the dominant gesture — is presented on the page '''[[The Moving Enneagram of Paret]]'''.

== V. Wolinsky's imperatives ==

'''[[Stephen Wolinsky]]''' in his ''Quantum Psychology'' identifies '''unconscious imperatives''' — internal phrases, often unrecognized, that orient the entire psychic economy of the person in an attempt to avoid their core wound. The Paret Method School has traced the correspondence between the nine enneagram types and their typical imperatives:

* '''Type 1''' — "don't be imperfect" / "be perfect"
* '''Type 2''' — "don't be dependent" / "help"
* '''Type 3''' — "don't do nothing" / "do"
* '''Type 4''' — "don't be superficial" / "go into emotional depth" (or: "you are strong because you can endure emotional injustices")
* '''Type 5''' — "don't exist without reason" / "be perfect in details"
* '''Type 6''' — "don't be of little worth" / "be perfect in details" (prudential variant)
* '''Type 7''' — "don't be incomplete" / "do (and don't stop)"
* '''Type 8''' — "don't be dominated" / "dominate" (or "rebel")
* '''Type 9''' — "don't exist without harmony" / "you are strong because you can endure"

The Wolinskyan imperative is '''the internal verbal signature''' of the enneagrammatic trance and — when it emerges in the client's speech — is one of the most diagnostic indicators of the habitual trance. The practice of Wolinskyan '''deconceptualization''' (see '''[[Wolinsky and deconceptualization]]''') works directly on these phrases to dissolve their grip.

== VI. The Enneaphase — the current mode, not just the type ==

An important specificity of the enneagram applied to communication, according to the '''[[Paret Method]]''', is the notion of '''"Enneaphase"''': the '''current phase''' in which the interlocutor finds themselves, regardless of their base type. ''A normally angry person in a moment of calm must be treated as a calm person.''

While classical typological analysis seeks to determine the '''stable psychological type''' without being influenced by extemporaneous behaviors, '''in non-verbal communication it is crucial to read the ongoing phase''': the same type 8 in a confidential mode is manageable like a type 2 in a caregiving mode; the same type 4 in passing enthusiasm shows signs of type 7. The School's operator works predominantly on the Enneaphase — the present — and considers the base type as a '''statistical background''' that guides the hypothesis but does not replace moment-to-moment observation.

This difference distinguishes the operational use of the enneagram in the Paret Method from the identity-based use widespread in popular contexts ("I am a type 4"), where the type is crystallized as a '''stable identity''' instead of a '''traversable habitual trance'''.

== VII. Triple observation — attitude, hands, words ==

The Paret Method operator trained in the enneagram observes the person on '''three simultaneous levels''' to identify the current Enneaphase:

# '''Attitude in the group'''. Do they want to command? (8, 1, part of 3) Do they want to connect? (2, 9, part of 4) Do they stand aside and are analytical? (5, 6, part of 1)
# '''Hand movement'''. Open gestures, palms up (ventral vagal opening) → types 2, 9, connected 4. "Chopping" hand, pointed finger (sympathetic activation) → types 8, 1, counterphobic 6. Self-touch, held hands, hidden gestures (dorsal vagal withdrawal) → types 5, withdrawn 4, avoidant 9.
# '''Words'''. The typical vocabulary reported in section I is the third axis of diagnosis, and it combines with the first two to consolidate identification.

The School's rule is that '''typological diagnosis is not judgment''' but '''recognition of the current trance''' — an operational recognition that allows the operator to choose the most appropriate '''access door''' (see '''[[Hypnosis, Polyvagal Theory and Somatic Liberation#IV. The three relational doors of hypnosis|The three relational doors]]''').

== VIII. Correspondences with Jungian typology and MBTI ==

In Marco Paret's reflections collected in the School's teaching materials, the enneagram and '''[[Jungian typology]]''' (operationalized in the 16-type '''[[MBTI]]''') are '''two maps of the same terrain''' seen with different granularities: 9 types vs 16 types, ego-defensive structure vs cognitive structure, '''passion'''/'''sin''' vs '''psychic functions'''.

The stable correspondences documented in the School's tradition and in the more consolidated readings of the contemporary enneagram (Riso-Hudson, Naranjo) are as follows — with the caveat that '''no correspondence is univocal''' (the same enneatype can present with different MBTIs depending on individual development):

{| class="wikitable"
! Enneagram Type !! Most frequent MBTI profiles !! Dominant Jungian function
|-
| '''1 Perfectionist''' || ISTJ, ENTJ, INTJ || Judging thinking (Te) with introverted sensing (Si)
|-
| '''2 Altruist''' || ESFJ, ENFJ, INFJ || Extraverted feeling (Fe)
|-
| '''3 Manager''' || ESTJ, ENTJ, ENFJ || Extraverted thinking (Te) with auxiliary feeling
|-
| '''4 Tragic Romantic''' || INFP, ISFP, INFJ || Introverted feeling (Fi) with intuition
|-
| '''5 Hermit''' || INTP, INTJ, ISTP || Introverted thinking (Ti) with introverted intuition (Ni)
|-
| '''6 Skeptic''' || ISTJ, ISFJ, ENFP (counterphobic) || Introverted sensing (Si) or extraverted intuition (Ne) in the counterphobic
|-
| '''7 Epicurean''' || ENFP, ENTP, ESFP || Extraverted intuition (Ne) or extraverted sensing (Se)
|-
| '''8 Boss''' || ENTJ, ESTJ, ESTP || Extraverted thinking (Te) with extraverted sensing (Se)
|-
| '''9 Diplomat''' || ISFP, INFP, ISFJ, INFJ || Introverted feeling (Fi) or introverted sensing (Si)
|}

The structural difference between the two systems is that the '''MBTI describes cognitive functions''' (how the person processes information and makes decisions) while '''the enneagram describes the ego-relational defensive structure''' (what the person avoids, how they protect themselves, what self-image they must maintain). The School recognizes the MBTI as '''useful for those who think in cognitive categories''' but '''less operational''' for non-verbal work, where the enneagram map integrated with polyvagal theory gives more direct access to the client's state in the moment. For a broader reading of convergences between typological systems, refer to the page '''[[Convergence of typological systems]]'''.

== IX. The near-identity enneagram ↔ logismoi ==

One of the closest convergences in the entire typological map is that between the '''nine enneagram types''' and the '''eight [[Logismoi|logismoi]]''' of Evagrius Ponticus. Naranjo himself recognized the initial derivation of the enneagram of capital sins from the Christian tradition — the seven deadly sins derive directly from the logismoi through Cassian and Gregory the Great. The overlap is almost direct:

{| class="wikitable"
! Evagrius's Logismos !! Enneagram type !! Trance pattern
|-
| Orgè (anger) || 1 Perfectionist || anger of imperfection
|-
| Uperéphanìa (pride) || 2 Altruist (and part of 1) || conviction of knowing better
|-
| Kenodoxìa (vainglory) || 3 Manager || identification with image
|-
| Lupé (sadness) || 4 Tragic Romantic || melancholic rumination
|-
| Philarguria (avarice) || 5 Hermit || avarice of self
|-
| (fear, not in Evagrius) || 6 Skeptic || hypervigilance
|-
| Gastrimargia (gluttony) || 7 Epicurean || craving for experiences
|-
| Porneia (lust) || 8 Boss || intensity of domination
|-
| Akèdia (sloth) || 9 Diplomat || conflict avoidance
|}

The difference is not of substance but of '''vocabulary''': the patristic tradition speaks in medical-spiritual language of '''"symptoms of the soul"''', the contemporary enneagram in psychological language of '''"personality patterns"''', the School's map in neurophysiological language of '''"stabilized autonomic configurations"'''. They are '''three vocabularies for the same observation''': the human psyche fixes itself into a few recurring patterns, each with its own mechanism for avoiding a core wound.

== X. The way out — Integral Presence ==

The use of the enneagram in the Paret Method School '''is never diagnostic to fix''' the person in their type. The ethical hallmark — presented more broadly on the page '''[[The six character types in the polyvagal map#IV. The ethical hallmark of typology in the School|on the six character types]]''' — is '''to classify in order to liberate, not to fix'''. The type is '''the client's habitual trance''', not '''their identity'''. Recognizing the type serves to:

# choose the most appropriate '''access door''' for non-verbal work;
# identify the '''"false positive"''' of the trance (for example, recognizing that the apparent joy of type 7 is sympathetic hyperactivation and not true connection);
# accompany the client towards the '''[[integrated state]]''' — the configuration in which the three autonomic activations (sympathetic, ventral vagal, dorsal vagal) are mobile and available as '''resources''' rather than as prisons.

The School's operational practice for this work is '''[[Integral Presence]]''', the original somatic mindfulness protocol of the Paret Method™ articulated on the four elements of Charges, Reference Point, Stop, and Hara and verticality. Integral Presence is the '''common path''' through which every enneagram type — whatever its dominant sin and polyvagal configuration — can traverse its habitual trance towards an integrated configuration. In Hesychast terms, it is the passage from the logismoi to '''apatheia'''; in polyvagal terms, from the '''dysregulated set-point''' to '''higher homeostasis'''.

== See also ==

* [[Paret Method]]
* [[Ordinary trances]]
* [[Logismoi]]
* [[Convergence of typological systems]]
* [[The six character types in the polyvagal map]]
* [[Tria Prima]]
* [[Integral Presence]]
* [[Integrated state]]
* [[Hypnosis, Polyvagal Theory and Somatic Liberation]]
* [[Polyvagal theory]]
* [[Stephen Wolinsky]]
* [[Wolinsky and deconceptualization]]
* [[Jungian typology]]
* [[MBTI]]
* [[The Moving Enneagram of Paret]]
* [[Paret Movement Analysis]]
* [[Touch and the autonomic nervous system]]

== Sources ==

=== School Publications ===

* Marco Paret, ''Enneagram of Non-Verbal Communication'' (Drive, 2024-2025), particularly the materials on non-verbal diagnosis, the enneaphase, and the physical enneagram.
* Marco Paret, ''Quantum Psi — Neurological Triad and Enneagram'' (Drive, 2022-2026).
* Marco Paret, ''Strategies and Enneagram'' (Drive, 2016, specific part also in the book ''NLP and NLP3'').
* Marco Paret, ''Hypnosis, Polyvagal Theory, and Somatic Liberation — A Non-Verbal Approach to Healing'' (Springer chapter, in preparation).
* Marco Paret, materials from the ''NLP Course — Lessons 13, 23, 24'' on applied enneagram.

=== Classical Enneagram ===

* Óscar Ichazo, ''Letters to the School'' (1960s-70s), Arica Institute.
* Claudio Naranjo, ''Character and Neurosis'', Astrolabio, 1996.
* Helen Palmer, ''The Enneagram'', Astrolabio, 1996.
* Don Richard Riso, Russ Hudson, ''The Wisdom of the Enneagram'', Bantam, 1999.

=== Quantum Psychology ===

* Stephen Wolinsky, ''Trances People Live: Healing Approaches in Quantum Psychology'' (1991).
* Stephen Wolinsky, ''Quantum Consciousness'' (1993).

=== Patristic Tradition ===

* Evagrius Ponticus, ''Praktikos'' (4th century).
* Jean-Yves Leloup, ''Écrits sur l'Hésychasme''.

=== Jungian Typology and MBTI ===

* C. G. Jung, ''Psychological Types'' (1921).
* Isabel Briggs Myers, ''The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator'', Consulting Psychologists Press, 1962.

=== Polyvagal Theory ===

* Stephen W. Porges, ''The Polyvagal Theory'', Norton, 2011.

[[Categoria:Insegnamenti ISI-CNV]]
[[Categoria:Metodologia]]
[[Categoria:Pnl]]
[[Categoria:Cnv]]
[[Categoria:Polivagal]]